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Wednesday, April 1, 2009
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease
Ulcers in the mouth and on the thumb. (Photograph courtesy of KK Women's and Children's hospital)
Hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) is caused by the Coxsackie virus and Enterovirus 71. The throat and tonsils develop small ulcers while the hands, feet, and diaper area are affected by a rash with characteristic vesicles (very small blisters). This is usually a mild illness with the rash healing in 5 to 7 days.
Blisters on the palm and fingers. (Photograph courtesy of KK Women's and Children's hospital)
HFMD is spread from person to person by direct contact with the nasal discharge, saliva, faeces and fluid from the rash of an infected person. Both adults and children can be affected, but young children below five years are particularly susceptible.
Symptoms
fever
sore throat
ulcers in the throat, mouth and tongue
headache
a rash with vesicles (small blisters, 3-7 mm) on hands, feet and diaper area. The vesicles are typically on the palm side of the hands the sole side of the feet and very characteristic in appearance
loss of appetite
Blisters on the soles of the feet. (Photograph courtesy of KK Women's and Children's hospital)
Treatment
There is no specific treatment for the infection. Symptomatic treatment is given to provide relief from fever, aches and pain.
Treatment with antibiotics is not effective and is not indicated. Acetaminophen can be used to treat fever. Aspirin should not be used in viral illnesses in children under age 12 years.
Salt water mouth rinses (½ teaspoon of salt to 1 glass of warm water) may be soothing if the child is able to rinse without swallowing. Ensure an adequate fluid intake because swallowing may be painful. Extra fluid is needed when a fever is present.
HFMD in Singapore
HFMD is present all year round in Singapore. Outbreaks do occur in childcare centres, kindergartens and schools. HFMD became legally notifiable on 1 October 2000. Although usually a mild disease, it has been associated with fatalities usually due to complications involving the heart and nervous system.
Advice for parents
Parents are advised to consult a doctor early if their child has symptoms of HFMD. They should also be alert to any change in their child's normal behaviour, e.g. irritation and sleepiness. Should they refuse to eat or drink, have persistent vomiting or drowsiness, parents should bring their child immediately to hospital.
Prevention
Children should be kept away from crowded public places (such as schools, preschools, play groups, markets and public transport) if they show signs of infection. Family members are advised to follow good hygiene practices, including frequent hand washing, to limit the spread of the infection.
Form Teacher - Miss Sng ! :D
Co-form Teacher - Mdm Guo ! :D
Social Studies Teacher - Mr Lim CS ! :D
Music Teacher - Mr Johnathan Chean ; Ms Chong ! :D
Art Teacher - Ms Joanne Kow ! :D
Ladies.
(1)Aisyah Bte Amir ` Yishun Secondary
(2)An Sunha ` Methodist Girls'
(3)Cassandra Chan May Ann ` Kuochuan Presbyterian
(4)Celine Liu Jia Ni ` Raffles Girls'
(5)Chan Kar Leng ` Mayflower
(7)Chen Qihua ` Yishuntown
(9)Chin Sit Yee Clarie ` Yishun
(10)Claris Yeo Hui Ling ` Methodist Girls'
(13)Heng Jing Ting ` Orchid Park
(15)Hoo Wei Shan Shermin
(16)Jeanette Lubis Rimando ` Ahmad Ibrahim
(18)Karen Koh ` CHIJ. St Nicholas'
(22)Lianna Lau Kair Miang ` Chung Cheng High {Y}
(25)Lim Szu Wen Isabelle ` Crescent Girls'
(29)Michelle Goh Min Jie ` Tanjong Katong Girls'
(30)Michelle Seah Wei Ting ` CHIJ. St Nicholas'
(32)Mya Thwe Ko ` Zhonghua Secondary
(35)Nur Afiqah Bte Mohd Saidali ` Tanjong Katong Secondary
(36)Ong Zi Ping Teresa ` Presbyterian High
(37)Sevina Suryakant Kadam ` Presbyterian High
(38)Tan Bei Fen ` Nanhua High
21 ladies.
Gentlemen
(6)Cheah Yao Kuang ` Catholic High
(8)Cheng Jia Hang ` Ahmad Ibrahim
(11)Covell Chau ` Chung Cheng High {Y}
(12)Heng Jian Fa ` Chung Cheng High {Y}
(14)Ho Zhao Xian ` Chung Cheng High {Y}
(17)Jee Jia Wei Jerrard
(19)Koh Xian Ming ` Presbyterian High
(20)Kuek Rui Qin Gabriel ` Ahmad Ibrahim
(21)Lee Wai Kit ` Raffles Instituition
(23)Lim Kai Yi ` Anglo-chinese {I}
(24)Lim Swee Hoe ` Anderson Secondary
(26)Lim Wei Heng ` Chung Cheng High {Y}
(27)Lim Yap Kai ` Yishuntown
(28)Loy Fai Onn ` Chung Cheng High {Y}
(31)Muhd Amir Shah B Sadik ` Ahmad Ibrahim
(33)Ng Jing Da ` Maris Stella High
(34)Ng Yu Peng ` Chung Cheng High {Y}
(39)Tan Jun Lin Eugene
(40)Tan Wen Kai
(41)Tan Wenxiang ` Raffles Instituition
(42)Yap Xun Hao Nicholas ` Chung Cheng High {Y}
(43)Yeo Jun Jie ` School of Science & Technology
(44)Yong Zhi Sheng ` Chung Cheng High {Y}
23 gentlemen.
Total - 44 :)
Happy
B'daes
January
Claris 220197
February
Nobody D:
March
Jing Ting 030397
Roy 110397
Qihua 120397
Yu Peng 140397
Celine 210397
April
Gabriel 030497
Fai Onn 170497
May
Wenxiang 120597
Jerrard 310597
June
ZhiSheng 070697
Nicholas 200697
Swee Hoe 230697
Clarie 300697
July
Lianna 180797
Amir 230797
Teresa 250797
Jianfa 280797
August
Junjie 060897
Karen 090897
Michelle Seah 140897
September
Shermin 090997
BeiFen 110997
Yao Kuang120997
November
ZhaoXian 011197
Aisyah 031197
Jonathan 051197
WaiKit 101197
Covell 141197
Sevina 221197
Isabelle 231197
Afiqah 281197
December
Ko 081297
KarLeng 191297
WeiHeng 261297
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Wednesday, April 1, 2009
Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease
Ulcers in the mouth and on the thumb. (Photograph courtesy of KK Women's and Children's hospital)
Hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) is caused by the Coxsackie virus and Enterovirus 71. The throat and tonsils develop small ulcers while the hands, feet, and diaper area are affected by a rash with characteristic vesicles (very small blisters). This is usually a mild illness with the rash healing in 5 to 7 days.
Blisters on the palm and fingers. (Photograph courtesy of KK Women's and Children's hospital)
HFMD is spread from person to person by direct contact with the nasal discharge, saliva, faeces and fluid from the rash of an infected person. Both adults and children can be affected, but young children below five years are particularly susceptible.
Symptoms
fever
sore throat
ulcers in the throat, mouth and tongue
headache
a rash with vesicles (small blisters, 3-7 mm) on hands, feet and diaper area. The vesicles are typically on the palm side of the hands the sole side of the feet and very characteristic in appearance
loss of appetite
Blisters on the soles of the feet. (Photograph courtesy of KK Women's and Children's hospital)
Treatment
There is no specific treatment for the infection. Symptomatic treatment is given to provide relief from fever, aches and pain.
Treatment with antibiotics is not effective and is not indicated. Acetaminophen can be used to treat fever. Aspirin should not be used in viral illnesses in children under age 12 years.
Salt water mouth rinses (½ teaspoon of salt to 1 glass of warm water) may be soothing if the child is able to rinse without swallowing. Ensure an adequate fluid intake because swallowing may be painful. Extra fluid is needed when a fever is present.
HFMD in Singapore
HFMD is present all year round in Singapore. Outbreaks do occur in childcare centres, kindergartens and schools. HFMD became legally notifiable on 1 October 2000. Although usually a mild disease, it has been associated with fatalities usually due to complications involving the heart and nervous system.
Advice for parents
Parents are advised to consult a doctor early if their child has symptoms of HFMD. They should also be alert to any change in their child's normal behaviour, e.g. irritation and sleepiness. Should they refuse to eat or drink, have persistent vomiting or drowsiness, parents should bring their child immediately to hospital.
Prevention
Children should be kept away from crowded public places (such as schools, preschools, play groups, markets and public transport) if they show signs of infection. Family members are advised to follow good hygiene practices, including frequent hand washing, to limit the spread of the infection.